Technologies

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      Substation/Switchyard Predictive Maintenance Training Objectives

                           Understand the use of each SPdM technology

  1. Vibration

    2. Used to detect changing or already damaging conditions within the transformer and cooling pumps.

    Know the data acquisition locations on a transformer and the most important readings to take on a pump.

     
  2. Ultrasonics

    Used in two ways in Switchyards and Substations; Airborne for leaks and corona detection; Contact mode

    for detection of electrical leakage and partial discharge.

    Know what sounds to expect when high amplitude arcing is occurring in oil filled equipment.

    Understand where/why/when to take readings and the frequency ranges to use.

     
  3.  Oil

    4. Provide an understanding of the importance of Dissolved Gas Analysis (DGA) and oil quality testing. Also, explain

    the importance of noting changing values and taking appropriate action as required.

    Provide an understanding of Furan testing, why it’s done and it’s value in the SPdM program.

    Understand that when a fault condition exists, some gasses, such as Hydrogen, don’t usually exist at high levels

    without other gasses being present in the DGA.

     
  4. Infrared Thermography

    5.  

    Provide an understanding of Thermography as it applies to switchyard equipment.

              Know what technology to apply next when a hot spot is detected.

              Emissivity and Range issues

              Equipment specific severity criteria

              Techniques to reduce/eliminate sun glare

              Equipment failure modes

     

  5. Sound Level

    6.  

    Understand the value in documenting and noting changing sound levels. Explain dB levels and the value to the program when shift personnel making periodic rounds report noisy equipment.

    Understand which technologies are used to verify equipment noise levels.

     

  6. Functional Tests

    7. Understand what functional tests are required on various equipment, and how often and when to perform them.

    Transformers; Load Tap Changers; Cooling Systems; Regulators

     

  7. Visual Inspection

    8. Know how to apply severity criteria on oil filled equipment that’s leaking.

    Understand what to look for on each piece of electrical equipment listed below and why.

    Control cabinets; Overhead connections; Disconnects; Transformers; Cooling systems;

    Circuit breakers; Control house; Battery chargers; Grounds.

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